Budget 2018: Chapter 5 - Equality - Text Version

The Impact of Women's Participation in the Workforce on Real GDP per Capita
2016 dollars

	Actual real GDP per capita	Real GDP per capita without higher female employment inclusion
1976	32,679	32,679
1977	33,397	33,212
1978	34,303	33,731
1979	35,203	34,091
1980	35,496	33,968
1981	36,281	34,326
1982	34,704	33,011
1983	35,255	33,409
1984	36,993	34,807
1985	38,392	35,727
1986	38,834	35,802
1987	39,896	36,542
1988	41,126	37,304
1989	41,333	37,293
1990	40,778	36,695
1991	39,418	35,591
1992	39,298	35,663
1993	39,901	36,297
1994	41,240	37,416
1995	41,908	37,882
1996	42,140	38,091
1997	43,509	39,183
1998	44,825	40,022
1999	46,757	41,445
2000	48,725	42,888
2001	49,052	43,036
2002	49,984	43,557
2003	50,430	43,652
2004	51,504	44,466
2005	52,651	45,378
2006	53,488	45,886
2007	54,064	46,059
2008	54,017	45,967
2009	51,827	44,148
2010	52,833	45,067
2011	53,958	46,018
2012	54,255	46,223
2013	54,962	46,745
2014	55,923	47,707
2015	56,014	47,816
2016	56,129	47,842
Note: The balance of the increase in real GDP per capita was the result of productivity improvements. Source: Labour Force Survey, Census of Population, Income and Expenditure Accounts, Statistics Canada; Department of Finance Canada calculations.

Employment Rate of Men, Women and Underrepresented Groups Aged 25 to 54, 2017 or Latest Year Available
Per cent

	Men	Women
All persons	86	78.6
Visible minorities	82.5	70.1
Recent immigrants	82.2	58.5
Lone parents	78.5	60
Indigenous people off-reserve	71.8	66.5
Persons with disabilities	60.8	55.7
Indigenous people on-reserve	45.8	48.3
Note: Data for all persons, lone parents and recent immigrants are for 2017; data for members of visible minorities, Indigenous on- and off-reserve people are for 2016; data for persons with disabilities are for 2012. Recent immigrants refer to immigrants living in Canada for less than five years. Source: Labour Force Survey, Census of Population, Canadian Survey of Disabilities, Statistics Canada; Department of Finance Canada calculations.

Composition of Members of Parliament, Provincial and Territorial Legislators, and Mayors, by gender, as of January 2018
Percentage

	Members of Parliament	Provincial and Territorial Legislature	Mayors
Men	73	64	82
Women	27	36	18
Source: Equal Voice.

Share of Vulnerable Individuals Living in Poverty, Based on the Market Based Measure*, by gender, 2015
Per cent

	All persons	Persons with disabilities	Indigenous people off-reserve	Recent immigrants	Lone parents
Men	5.9	8.4	10.8	11.9	10.8
Women	6.2	9.9	13.5	15.1	19.0
Total	12.1	18.3	24.3	27	29.8
Sources: Statistics Canada, Canadian Income Survey; Department of Finance Canada calculations; Employment and Social Development Canada calculations. *Not available for Indigenous Peoples on-reserve. However, based on the Community Well-Being Index, the income situation is worse for Indigenous Peoples on-reserve.

Share of CCB Amounts Paid to Single Parents and Couples with Incomes Below $30,450, 2018−19 Benefit Year
Per cent

	Income under 30,450
Single fathers	4
Single mothers	57
Couples	39
Close to 95 per cent of CCB amounts paid to single parents with incomes below $30,450 are estimated to be paid to single mothers.

Share of Total Employment Insurance Benefits Paid to Women, by Benefit Type, Canada, 2015–16
$ million

	Women	Total	Women as a % of total
Regular benefits	3868.8	12122.2	32
Fishing benefits	48.4	273.3	18
Work-sharing benefits	8.3	38.8	21
Parental benefits	2430	2643.5	92
Sickness benefits	771.5	1456	53
Compassionate care benefits	12.4	18.3	68
Benefits for parents of critically ill children	16.1	20.9	77
Source: EI Monitoring and Assessment Report, 2015-16.

Gender Distribution of Apparent Opioid-Related Deaths by Province or Territory, January 2016 to June 2017
Per cent of apparent opiod-related deaths

Province or Territory	male	female
British Columbia	81	19
Alberta	72	28
Saskatchewan	57	43
Manitoba	60	40
Ontario	69	31
Quebec	64	36
New Brunswick	55	45
Prince Edward island	Suppressed
Nova Scotia	66	34
Newfoundland and Labrador	56	44
Yukon	91	9
Northwest Territories	80	20
Nunavut	Suppressed
Total	74	26
Source: Public Health Agency of Canada, 2017.

Likelihood to Screen Positive for Mental Disorder Symptoms—Public Safety Personnel
Per cent

	%
Men	41
Women	51.7
Source: Cartlon, R. Nicholas et al., ”Mental Disorder Symptoms among Public Safety Personnel in Canada”, The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 63, no.1 (2018)

Percentage of Men and Women in the Federal Public Service

	1990	1995	2000	2005	2010	2015	2016
Men	54.4	52.5	48	46.2	44.8	45	44.9
Women	45.6	47.5	52	53.8	55.2	55	55.1
Note: includes all employment tenures and active employees only (employees on leave without pay are excluded). The information provided is based on data as of March 31. Source: Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat, Office of the Chief Human Resources Officer.

Extending CVITP Presence in Indigenous Communities
Indigenous-Focused Organizations in CVITP

	2015-16	2016-17
Number	172	270

Extending CVITP Presence in Indigenous Communities
Organizations Holding CVITP Clinics on Reserve

	2015-16	2016-17
Number	96.5	193

Comparison of the ratio of women and men in post-secondary qualifications by field of study.
Distribution of post-secondary qualifications by sex and select field of study, ages 25 to 34, 2016

Field of study	Women	Men
Mechanics and repair, architecture and construction	8	92
Engineering and engineering technology	19	80
Mathematics and computer and information science	27	73
Science and science technology	57	43
Business and administration	57	43
Arts and humanities	61	39
Legal professions and studies	69	31
Social and behavioural sciences	71	29
Education and teaching	82	18
Health care	83	17
Note: Numbers may not add to 100 due to rounding. Source: Census of Population, Statistics Canada.

Share of women in the labour force and in top positions
Percentage

Gender	Labour force	Managers	Senior managers	Company boards	Top 0.1%	CEO’s
Men	52.6	65.5	71.1	78.4	84.7	95.1
Women	47.4	34.5	28.9	21.6	15.3	4.9
Note: Data are for 2017 or latest available year. Source: Catalyst; Canadian Board Diversity Council; Labour Force Survey, Longitudinal Administrative Databank, Statistics Canada, Department of Finance Canada calculations.

Figure 5.5

Three statistics are presented on gender-based violence. The first shows that 4 out of 10 violent crimes reported to the police by women involved an intimate partner. The second shows that less than 1 in 10 sexual assault victims report the crime to the police. The third shows that nearly 1 in 3 women have experienced some form of sexual harassment in the workplace.

Sources: Statistics Canada, General Social Survey; Employment and Social Development Canada.

Figure 5.6

Figure 5.7

Figure 5.8

All SMEs and Exporting SMEs by Gender

Women entrepreneurs in Canada are underrepresented: women-owned SMEs only represent 16% of all SMEs in Canada, and 11% of all exporters.

Sources: Survey on Financing and Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises, 2014; office of the Chief Economist, Global Affairs Canada.

Figure 5.9

Disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people are significant. The life expectancy of First Nations and Inuit men and women is lower than non-Indigenous men and women.

On average, Inuit men and women have the lowest life expectancy, with Inuit men living until 71 years of age and Inuit women living until 74 years of age. On average, First Nations men live until 76 years of age and First Nations women life until 79 years of age. On average, non-Indigenous men live until 81 years of age and non-Indigenous women live until 85 years of age.

On average, Inuit and First Nations living on reserve, First Nations living off reserve and Métis have lower attainment of high-school or higher than non-Indigenous populations aged 18 to 24. More specifically, among the 18 to 24 age population:

• 44% of Inuit achieve high school or higher
• 44% of First Nations on reserve achieve high school or higher
• 70% of First Nations off reserve achieve high school or higher
• 79% of Métis achieve high school or higher
• 88% of non-Indigenous people achieve high school or higher

Compared to non-Indigenous populations, Inuit and First Nations living on reserve, First Nations living off reserve and Métis are more likely to live in households that need major repairs. More specifically:

• 40% of First Nations on reserve live in a household needing major repairs
• 22% of First Nations off reserve live in a household needing major repairs
• 12% of Inuit live in a household needing major repairs
• 10% of Métis live in a household needing major repairs
• 6% of non-Indigenous people live in a household needing major repairs

Figure 5.9.4: Rates of Tuberculosis

Rates of tuberculosis are 270 times higher for Inuit than the rate in the Canadian-born, non-Indigenous population.

Figure 5.10

Opioid Poisoning Hospitalization Rates by Province/Territory, 2016-2017

	Age-adjusted rate per 100,000 population, 2016-2017	Absolute Rate Difference 2015-2016 to 2016-2017
Canada	15.5	-
British Columbia	25.5	up 1.2
Alberta	23.1	up 1.8
Saskatchewan	21.7	down 3.3
Manitoba	10.8	up 0.5
Ontario	13.8	up 1.1
Quebec	9.4	-
New Brunswick	17.8	up 3.6
Prince Edward island	16.6	up 1.4
Nova Scotia	11.0	up 1.3
Newfoundland and Labrador	11.3	up 0.2
Territories	34.5	-
Notes* Quebec data are from 2015-2016 (the most recent year of data available); therefore, there is no absolute rate difference shown. ƚYukon, Northwest territories and Nunavut data are grouped due to low volumes. This data should be interpreted with caution. Nunavut data are from 2015-16 (the most recent year of data available); therefore, there is no absolute rate difference shown. Source: Hospital Morbidity Database, Canadian Institute for Health Information.

Smoking Rates by Industry
Percentage

	2011
Construction	34
Mining and oil and gas extraction	29
Transportation and warehousing	29
Source: Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey

Smoking Rates by Sex, 2001 - 2015
Percentage

	2001	2015
Male	24	16
Female	20	10
Source: Statistics Canada, Canadian Community Health Survey

Proportion of judges who are women in Canada
Percentage

Women on the Bench in Canada	2018
Supreme Court of Canada	44
Federal Courts	24
Superior Courts	39
Notes: Federal Court includes: Federal Court of Appeal, Federal Court, Tax Court of Canada Superior Court includes: Supreme Court of Canada, Federal Court of Appeal, Federal Court, Tax Court of Canada, Provincial/Territorial Superior Courts Data as of February 1, 2018, Office of the Commissioner for Federal Judicial Affairs Source: Office of the Commissioner for Federal Judicial Affairs, Number of federally appointed judges as of February 1, 2018

Women on the Bench in Canada, 2018

Supreme Court of Canada Judges	%	Number
Judges who are women	0.44	4
Judges who are men	0.56	5
Total number of judges		9
Federal Court* Judges
Judges who are women	0.24	20
Judges who are men	0.76	62
Total number of judges		82
Superior Court** Judges
Judges who are women	0.39	445
Judges who are men	0.61	709
Total number of judges		1154
*Note: Federal Court includes Federal Court of Appeal, Federal Court, Tax Court of Canada **Note: Superior Court judges includes  Supreme Court of Canada, Federal Court of Appeal, Federal Court, Tax Court of Canada and Provincial/Territorial Superior Courts Source: Office of the Commissioner for Federal Judicial Affairs, Number of federally appointed judges as of February 1, 2018