Chapter 1: Text Version
Chart 1.1 - Distribution of New Mortgages by Loan-to-Income Ratio
This chart shows the distribution of new mortgages categorized by loan-to-income ratio. Borrowers with a higher loan-to-income ratio have debt levels that extend well beyond their incomes. The chart outlines how the number of borrowers with high loan-to-income ratios has declined over time. Specifically, the percentage of new mortgages with loans 4.5 times as large as their incomes went from 20 per cent in 2016Q3 to 14 per cent in 2018Q4.
Figure 1.1: Canada's First National Housing Strategy
A 10-Year, $40 Billion Plan
- Two family homes beside a multi-rise apartment building.
- Over one hundred thousand new housing units created.
- A hand holding up a single detached home located beside a swing structure for children.
- Three hundred thousand households supported with a Canada Housing Benefit.
- A man and a woman under a roof line.
- Fifty per cent reduction in chronic homelessness.
- Side by side houses featuring a hammer and wrench on the front of each structure.
- Three hundred thousand existing housing units repaired and renewed.
- A child holding a woman's hand on the left and a man's on the right as they stand in front of a house.
- Five hundred and thirty thousand households removed from housing need.
- A house with a lock symbol on the front and a multi-rise residential building on the right.
- Three hundred and eighty-five thousand community housing units protected and fifty thousand created.
Figure 1.2: Horizontal Skills Review
The Horizontal Review of Skills illustrates that there are currently more than one hundred and six skills programs delivered across 30 departments and agencies. These programs fall under four different policy areas: Grades Kindergarten to twelve, Post-Secondary Education Supports, Work-Integrated Learning, and Lifelong Learning Supports, making them easier for Canadians to access supports, as they progress from early learning, to career training.
Chart 1.2 - What Prevents People From Getting Additional Training or Education?
This chart reports adults' main reason for not participating in (more) formal and/or non-formal education. Figures are reported for the population aged 25 to 64 years who either participated in training and want to participate more or did not participate in training but wanted to participate. The chart shows that, in addition to the direct costs of training, competing work and family responsibilities are reported as the main barriers for more than half of adults with unmet training needs.
Figure 1.3: Canada Training Benefit
Three Banners, appearing left to right, describing the different eligibility requirements for and elements of the Canada Training Benefit, based on text from the chapter. The first banner is titled Training Credit. The second banner is titled Employment Insurance Training Support Benefit. The third banner is titled leave provisions.
Figure 1.4: Canada Training Benefit
On the left is a brief description of the link between the Training Credit and the Employment Insurance Training Support Benefit. On the right four banners show that the Training Credit accumulates at a rate of two hundred and fifty dollars each year over four years to reach a total of one thousand dollars and an individual would be eligible to receive the Employment Insurance Training Support Benefit.
Chart 1.5 - Educational Attainment by Indigenous Identity
This chart shows educational attainment by Indigenous identity group and for non-Indigenous people for the adult population aged 25-64. Indigenous groups include Registered First Nations living on and off-reserve, Inuit living inside and outside Inuit Nunangat, and Métis. Significant differences exist between the population that identifies as non-Indigenous and those that identify as Indigenous, in particular Registered First Nations living on reserve and Inuit living inside Inuit Nunangat. While 29 per cent of the non-Indigenous population has obtained a university degree at the bachelor's level or above, this number is 5 per cent for Registered First Nations living on reserve, and 2 per cent for Inuit inside Inuit Nunangat.
Figure 1.5: Delivery Approach of the Student Work Placement Program
A diagram shows how the Student Work Placement Program works with employers, post-secondary education institutions, and students.
The Student Work Placement Program works with Employer Delivery Partners, who are third-party organizations representing the skills development and human resource interests of a sector.
Employer delivery partners engage with employers to ensure quality placements are offered, to ensure large employers act as industry champions, and to help small and medium-sized enterprises participate in student work placements.
Employer delivery partners also engage with post-secondary education institutions to promote student work placements and recruit post-secondary education students, and to collaborate with employers to align skills development to labour market demand.
Employer delivery partners also engage with students to help them find relevant student work placement opportunities in their field of study/career path, and to provide feedback on the quality of student work placements.
Chart 1.6 - GIS Benefits for a Single Employed Senior Before and After the Enhancement of the GIS Earnings Exemption
This chart shows how single employed seniors would, for positive earnings up to just over $28,000, be able to keep a higher amount of GIS benefits after the enhancement to the GIS earnings exemption. This means that low-income employed seniors would effectively see an increase in their take-home pay after the enhancement.
Note that the chart shows annual benefit amounts based on benefits available in the first quarter of 2019, assumes no pension income other than earnings, and earnings are net of CPP/EI contributions.
Figure 1.6: Key Objectives for National Pharmacare
The key objectives of national pharmacare are lowering drug costs and improving drug coverage.
Figure 1.7: High-Cost Medicines in Canada
Between 2006 and 2017 the number of patented medicines in Canada with an annual average treatment cost of more than $10,000 has more than tripled. These high-cost medicines now account for over 40% of patented medicine sales as compared to 7.6% in 2006.
Chart 1.7 - GIS Benefits for a Single Self-Employed Senior Before and After the Enhancement of the GIS Earnings Exemption
This chart shows how single self-employed seniors would, for positive self-employment income up to just over $28,000, be able to keep a higher amount of GIS benefits with the extension of the eligibility for the GIS earnings exemption to self-employment income. This means that low-income self-employed seniors would effectively see an increase in their take-home pay after the enhancement.
Comparing this chart with the preceding one showing the outcomes for single employed seniors, it is clearly visible that self-employment income would now receive the same treatment under the enhanced exemption as employment earnings.
Note that the chart shows annual benefit amounts based on benefits available in the first quarter of 2019, assumes no pension income other than self-employment income, and self-employment income is net of CPP/EI contributions.
Chart 1.8 - Impact of CPP Enhancement: Per Cent of Families Near Retirement Who May Not Have Sufficient Retirement Income, by Income Quintile
This chart shows the estimated impact of the CPP enhancement if it was fully mature today (i.e., workers had contributed to the enhanced Plan over their full careers). Figures represent the share of families nearing retirement age at risk of not replacing 60 per cent of their pre-retirement after-tax income when considering income from the three pillars of the retirement income system and savings from other financial and non-financial assets. Income quintiles correspond to pre-retirement after-tax income of families with a major income earner age 45-59. The 1st quintile corresponds to the bottom 20% of families in the income distribution while the 5th quintile corresponds to the top 20% of families.
The chart shows that the share of families nearing retirement age at risk of not replacing 60 per cent of their pre-retirement income falls for all quintiles as a result of the CPP enhancement, with the largest decrease in the third quintile and the smallest in the first quintile.
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